初一上册英语课本内容(初一英语上册课本内容知识点)_动词_主语_代词

本文目录

  • 初一英语上册课本内容知识点
  • 初一英语上册课本内容梳理总结

初一英语上册课本内容知识点

  初中英语的学习主要以课本为媒介进行,考试检测的内容也主要来源于课本。那么,课本中有些内容值得我们去学习了解?以下是初一英语上册课本内容知识点整理,供大家学习参考。

  1、Unit 1 --Unit 2

  (1)问候语:

  Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.

  How are you?---Just OK, thank you. How are you?---Not bad, thanks.

  Hi! Hello!

  How do you do?

  (2)道别用语:

  Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.(meet用于初次见面,see用于熟人间)

  Nice to meet/ see you, too.

  Goodbye. Byebye. Bye. See you (later/ tomorrow/ next time)! So long! Good night!

  (3)介绍人或者物的句型:This is...

  (4)Excuse me.与I’m sorry.的区别:

  Excuse me.是要引起对方的注意,而I’m sorry.则是向对方道歉。

  (5)词组be from = come from

  (6)当问句中问到this/ that时,回答要用it;问到these/ those时,要用they来回答。 例如: What’s this in English?----It’s an eraser.

  What are those?----They are books.

  (7)对Thanks.的回答:That’s OK./ You’re welcome./ My pleasur.

  (8)look the same = have the same looks

  give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.

  be like = look like

  in the tree/ on the tree (树上结的、长出来的用on,否则用in)

  in red(穿着红色的衣服)

  in the desk(在空间范围之内)

  in English(用英语)

  help sb. do sth.

  (9)both与all的区别:

  both表示“两者都......“;all表示“三者及以上都......“。

  2、Unit 3--Unit 4

  (1)speak的用法

  speak与say不同:speak表示“说“的动作,不表示“说“的内容;say则表示“说“的内容。

  speak后面除了能接“语言“外,不能直接接东西,后面加了to则表示“对......说“。

  help sb. with sth.(帮助某人做/补习)

  want to do sth.(想要做某事)

  would like to do sth.

  not...at all(一点都不);Not at all.(没关系/别介意)

  like...a lot = like...very much

  (2)some和any的区别:

  口诀:some用于肯定句,否定、疑问变any。例如:

  I have some money.

  I don’t have any money.

  Do you have any money?

  (3)have a seat = take a seat(请随便坐)

  (4)祈使句(表示命令或请求的句子)

  祈使句一般都省略了主语You,所以其否定句直接用Don’t开头。例如:

  Don’t go there!

  (5)问职业:

  What does sb. do?

  What is sb.?

  What’s sb.’s job?

  (6)work与job的区别:

  work是未必有报酬的“工作“,例如homework, housework;而job则一定是有报酬的“工作“。

  (7)on指在物体的`表面,不论这个面是否水平的,例如:

  on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground

  (8)in hospital(住院);in the hospital(在医院里)

  look after(照料/照顾/照看)

  help oneself(请自便/随便吃)

  (9)表示“建议“的句型:“做某事如何?“

  What about (doing) sth.? (英式英语)

  How about (doing) sth.? (美式英语)

  Why don’t you do sth.? = Why not do sth.?

  (10)“吃“一日三餐要用have:have breakfast/ lunch/ supper

  have...for breakfast/ lunch/ supper

  take one’s order

  be kind to sb.

  (11)try on这个词组可合可分:名词可以放在这个词组的中间或后面,但代词只能放在词组的中间。

  (12)在口语中往往用take表示“买“。

  (13)how many与how much的区别:

  how many + 可数名词;how much + 不可数名词

  (14)What do you think of...? 是询问对方对某事物的看法;

  How do you like...? 是问对方对某事物喜欢的程度。

  think about(考虑)

  Thank you all the same. (即使对方没能帮上忙,也要礼貌道谢)

  Thanks. = Thank you.(thank作为动词,不能单独使用。)

  (15)one与it的区别:

  当上下文说的是同一种类事物时,任意一个可以用one来代替;如果上下文所说的是同一个事物时则用it。例如:

  Ann :I have a yellow bag.

  Jane :I have a green one.

  Tom : Hey, Mike. Where is your bike?

  Mike : Look, it’s over there.

  (16)倒装句

  Here you are.

  Here it is.

  (17)be free (有空/免费)

  forget to do sth.(忘了去做某事)

  forget doing sth.(忘了做过某事)

  What’s up? = What’s wrong with...? = What’s the matter with...?

  (18)go + v.-ing结构的含义:为了实现某目的才去的。例如:

  go fishing/ boating/ swimming/ shopping等

  (19)have to do sth.(非主观因素,强调客观因素,“不得不去做某事“)

  must 则表示主观愿望

  (20)fly a kite = fly kites

  be free = have time

  (21)句型“该干某事了。“:It’s time to do sth. = It’s time for sth.

  例如:该吃午饭了.

  It’s time to have lunch. = It’s time for lunch.

  (22)时间的表述

  当分针所指的时间大于0分、小于等于30分钟时,用“分钟“past“小时“。例如:

  8:23--twenty-three past eight

  当分针所指的时间大于30分钟、小于60分钟时,用“剩余的时间“to“下一个整点“。例如:

  8:49--eleven to nine

  当然,还可以直接按照小时、分钟去读出时间,例如:

  8:23--eight twenty-three; 8:49--eight forty-nine

  整点则在数词后加“-o’clock“,例如:8:00--eight o’clock

  在钟点前介词要用at。

  初一英语上册动词知识点

  1、动词的种类(四类)

  系动词如be(is am are);情态动词如can 、may、need;助动词( do does);行为动词如take 、bring、eat、have(has)、like、sell、buy、sale、play、see、find、go、watch、thank、think等

  2、动词的第三人称单数(与名词的复数一样)

  如eat(eats) take (takes) buy (buys) play (plays) have(has) are (is)

  3、动词的时态(一般现在时)

  ( 1)含有系动词的

  I’m a Chinese boy.

  She is twelve.

  He is Tim’s brother.

  Her mother is an English teacher.

  含有系动词的句子在变一般疑问句时只将“主语和系动词交换位置”,上面句子变成一般疑问句时分别为

  Are you a Chinese boy ?(注意第一人称通常变为第二人称)

  Is she twelve ?

  Is he Tim’s brother ?

  Is her mother an English teacher ?

  含有系动词的句子在变否定句时只须“在系动词的后边加上not”,前面的几个了陈述句变否定句分别为

  I’m not a Chinese boy.

  She isn’t twelve.

  He is not Tim’s btother.

  Her mother isn’t an English teacher.

  (2)含有情态动词的句子( can ),

  She can play basketball.

  His mother’s cousin can sing many English songs.

  含有情态动词的句子在变一般疑问句时只须将“主语和情态动词交换位置”,上面两句变一般疑问句分别为

  Can she play basketball ?

  Can his mother’s cousin sing many English songs ?

  含有情态动词的句子在变否定句时直接在情态动词的后边加上not ,上面两个陈述句变否定句分别为

  She can not play basketball.

  His mother’s cousin can not sing many English songs.

  (3)含有行为动词的句子

  We have many friends.

  They watch TV at 7 in the evening.

  The students take their books to school.

  I have lunch at school.

  You have a sister.

  1含有行为动词的句子在变一般疑问句时要在原句子的前面加do.上面的句子变成一般疑问句分别为

  Do you have many friends ?

  Do they watch TV at 7 in the evening ?

  Do the students take their books to school ?

  Do you have lunch at school ?

  Do you have a sister ?

  2含有行为动词的句子在变否定句时只须在行为动词前加don’t.上述五个陈述句变否定句分别为

  We don’t have many friends.

  They don’t watch TV at 7 in the evening.

  The students don’t take their books to school.

  I don’t have lunch at school.

  You don’t have a sister.

  3含有行为动词的句子,当主语是第三人称单数时,行为动词要加s (或es)如:

  She has a red pen.

  He has eggs for breakfast.

  Her mother buys a skirt for her.

  She likes thrillers.

  My brother watches TV every evening.

  He wants to go to a movie.

  含有行为动词的句子,当主语是第三人称单数时,变一般疑问句要“在原句子的前面加上does ,同时行为动词要还原”。上面的句子变成一般疑问句分别为:

  Does she have a red pen ?

  Does he have eggs for breakfast ?

  Does her mother buy a skirt for her ?

  Does she like thrillers ?

  Does your brother watch TV every evening ?

  Does he want to go to a movie ?

  含有行为动词的句子,当主语是第三人称单数时,变否定句时“在行为动词前面加does’nt ,同时原行为动词要还原”。上面的句子变否定句分别为:

  She doesn’t have a red pen.

  He doesn’t have eggs for breakfast.

  Her mother doesn’t buy a skirt for her.

  She doesn’t like thrillers.

  My brother doesn’t watch TV every evening.

  He doesn’t want to go to a movie.

初一英语上册课本内容梳理总结

这篇文章我给大家整理了初一英语上册的重要知识点,接下来分享具体内容,希望对同学的学习有帮助。

助动词(do,does)的用法

只有实意动词作谓语时才涉及使用助动词。以like为例:

1.当句子为肯定句时不涉及使用助动词,只涉及“主谓一致”原则。

eg: I like English a lot.

Michael likes Chinese food very much.

2.当句子为否定句时,要根据主语的人称来决定使用相应的助动词:当主语为“三单”时,要使用does;当主语为“非三单”时,用助动词原形do。例如把下列句子变否定句:

Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesn’t like math.

They like sports.------They don’t like sports.

3.当句子变疑问句时,同样要根据句子的主语来决定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子变问句:

Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn’t.

Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they do./ No, they don’t.

人称代词

1.人称代词的用法

(1)人称代词的主格在句子中作主语

(2)人称代词的宾格在句子中作动词或介词的宾语

(3)代词的宾格在句子中有时也作表语,特别是在口语中

2.人称代词it的用法

(1)代指时间、距离、天气等

(2)代替刚提到过的事物

(3)代替婴儿或不清楚性别的人。

(4)代替指示代词this或that

(5)在句子中作形式主语或宾语,代替由不定式、动名词等表示的主语或宾语,而句子真正的主语或宾语放在句子的后部,避免头重脚轻

3.人称代词同时作主语或宾语时的排列顺序

(1)并列的单数代词作主语或宾语的排列顺序为:第二人称,第三人称,第一人称。但在翻译时按照汉语的人称顺序进行翻译。

(2)并列的复数代词作主语或宾语时的排列顺序为:第一人称,第二人称,第三人称。

(3)在表示承认错误时,单数代词的排列顺序为:第一人称,第三人称,第二人称;复数的排列顺序为:第一人称,第二人称,第三人称

物主代词

1.形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,只能修饰名词,作定语。

注意:

①在汉语中,表示“……的”可以省略,但在英语中必须用形容词性物主代词

②名词前面已经有形容词性物主代词修饰时,不能再用冠词或指示代词修饰

③若名词前已经有形容词性物主代词修饰,再需要其他形容词修饰时,需放在物主代词之后

2.名词性物主代词相当于名词,在句子中作主语、宾语或表语

注意:

①名词性物主代词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于它所代替的名词的单复数形式

②在做句型转换时,对两类物主代词提问都用whose, 但是形式有所不同。

③名词性物主代词可以和of构成双重所有格,而形容词性物主代词不能。

一般疑问句

1.一般疑问句的结构

(1)含be动词或情态动词的一般疑问句,其结构为:

be+主语+其它部分?

情态动词+主语+动词原形+其它部分?

肯定回答用“Yes,主语+be\情态动词.”,否定回答用“No,主语+be\情态动词+not.”。be或情态动词和not可用缩写形式,主要有isn’t,aren’t,wasn’t,weren’t,can’t,mustn’t,needn’t等。

(2)含行为动词(或称为实义动词)的一般疑问句,其结构为:

助动词+主语+动词原形+其它?

肯定回答用“Yes,主语+do\does.”,否定回答用“No,主语+do\doesnot.”。助动词也常用缩写形式,主要有don’t,doesn’t,didn’t等。

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