中国研究团队完成家蚕超级泛基因组图谱绘制
A Chinese Research Team Draws the First Super Pan-genome Map of the Silkworm.
中国家蚕基因组生物学国家重点实验室主任、国家蚕桑产业技术体系首席科学家代方银教授研究团队完成家蚕大规模种质资源基因组解析（“千蚕基因组”），绘就家蚕超级泛基因组。该研究在世界上率先实现家蚕基因库数字化，创建“数字家蚕”，对于深化功能基因组研究和推进家蚕模式化，开启家蚕设计育种，赋能“改造家蚕、多元利用”等，具有深远的影响。研究论文“High-resolution silkworm pan-genome provides genetic insights into artificial selection and ecological adaptation”于9月24日在国际名刊《Nature Communications》在线发表。
家蚕是重要的经济昆虫和新兴模式生物，但之前仅有单一参考基因组及部分重测序，尚不足以支撑基因组变异和优良基因的深度挖掘，尤其对于分子育种具有显著局限。超级泛基因组是一个物种所有基因组信息的总和，对于深化功能基因组研究、种质创新等意义重大。
研究团队对1078份蚕种质资源（205份地方种，194份改良种，632份遗传材料，47份野桑蚕）进行了深度二代（短读长）测序，对其中545份代表性资源进行了三代（长读长）测序，产生55.57T基因组数据，组装了545个蚕的高质量基因组，对100个基因组进行了基因注释，鉴定到4300余万个SNP、930余万个Indel、340余万个结构变异（SV）和7308个新基因（家族），绘制了一个高精度家蚕泛基因组图谱。
该超级泛基因组囊括了目前最全面的家蚕和野桑蚕基因组信息，是迄今全球动植物领域最大的长读长泛基因组。同时，对蚕的各种遗传变异、群体结构、人工选择和生态适应性及经济性状开展了深入的研究，取得丰硕的创新结果。
（来源：家蚕基因组生物学国家重点实验室）
The research team, under the leadership of Professor DAI Fangyin, director of State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, and chief scientist of the National Sericulture Industry Technology System, has completed the genome analysis of silkworm germplasm resources on a large scale and drawn the world’s first super pan-genome map of the silkworm. This is the first research ever to digitize silkworm gene pool and create a “digital silkworm”, which is of great significance for facilitating functional genomic research, advancing the modeling of silkworms, promoting precise breeding, facilitating genetic design and breeding of silkworms, and thus enabling “transformation and diversified utilization of silkworms”. The research paper entitled High-resolution silkworm pan-genome provides genetic insights into artificial selection and ecological adaptation was published in the world-renowned journal Nature Communications on 24 September.
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The silkworm (Bombyx mori) is an important economic insect and an emerging model organism. Previously, only a single reference genome and partial re-sequencing data were available for silkworm gene research, which limits the in-depth mining of genomic variation and valuable genes, especially for molecular breeding. Pan-genome is the sum of all genomic information in a species, which is of great significance for deepening functional genome research and germplasm innovation.
The team conducted short-read second-generation sequencing of 1,078 silkworms (including 205 local strains, 194 improved varieties, 632 genetic stocks, and 47 wild silkworms), and long-read third-generation sequencing of 545 representatives, generating 55.57 T of genomic data. Besides, the team drew a high-resolution pan-genome map after assembling 545 high-quality genomes of silkworms, annotating 100 genomes, and identifying 7,308 new genes.
This pan-genome dataset contains the most comprehensive information on the genomes of domestic and wild silkworm, and is the largest long-read pan-genome in the world for plants and animals to date. At the same time, in-depth studies on various genetic variation, population structure, artificial selection and ecological adaptations and economic traits of silkworm have been carried out, yielding fruitful results.
(Source: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology)
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