本文目录
- 单词ster什么补全单词
- 性别 英文 用英文怎么说
- 日常英语口语积累 ｜ 第一轮
- stereotypical
- while this stereotypical secenario 这句话怎么翻译谢谢
- Stereptypical
- stereotyed和stereotypical有什么区别
- 不同的州，美语都有那些不同口音
单词ster什么补全单词
sterile，不育的
stereo
单词音标
英式：
美式：
中文翻译
adj.立体声的；有立体视觉的
n.立体声；固定形象
单词例句
用作形容词 (adj.)
Who originated the concept of stereo sound? 立体声是谁发明的？
用作名词 (n.)
We’re being deafened by next door’s stereo. 隔壁的立体声音响要把我们耳朵震聋。
扩展学习
stereotype
n.模式化观念；典型；老一套；铅版
v.对…形成模式化的看法；使用铅版
stereotypes
n.模式化观念；典型；老一套；铅版
v.对…形成模式化的看法；使用铅版
stereos 音标翻译：www.xueci.cn/6
adj.立体声的；有立体视觉的
n.立体声；固定形象
stereotypical
n.模式化观念；典型；老一套；铅版
v.对…形成模式化的看法；使用铅版
stereophonic
adj.立体声的；立体效果的
stereoscopic
adj.实体镜的；有立体感的
性别 英文 用英文怎么说
1、性别英文：sexual distinction; sex; sexuality。例句：她穿着男人的衣服隐瞒自己的真实性别。She disguised her true sex under a man’s garment.
2、我并没有性别歧视倾向。I am not being sexist.
3、达拉对我们老一套的性别和女性特质观念提出了异议。Dara challenges our stereotypical ideas about gender and femininity.
日常英语口语积累 ｜ 第一轮
【口语练习资料】
1. 新闻室 （快）
2. 老友记
3. 摩登家庭
4. Commencement speech
Tips：
1. reading and consuming information
2. not to memorize
3. not to prematurely approach a native speaker
4. building your inventory of words and expressions
5. watching TV or signing
6. working on pronunciation
7. perfecting your grammar but not for test
注意：
连读 connected speech
吞音 drop sound
重读 stress words
轻读 distress words
1. That’s a wrap. 圆满结束了。完成了。
2. To wrap it up 总结来说就是
3. walk the walk 说做就做；付诸行动
4. You are faded. No, I’m solid. 你有点虚弱。不，我很好。
5. I’m totally on top of this. 我完全掌握了。
6. luck out 走好运；逢凶化吉；侥幸成功
7. water down the bear 在…中搀水冲淡；稀释
8. head off to 前往，前去
9. click into place ️某事突然明了，变得清楚，水落石出 eg: Suddenly it clicked that we’d been talking about different people. It’s all clicked into place. ️与某人顷刻成为朋友 We met at a party and clicked immediately. 我们一见如故。️配合默契 The team don’t seem to have clicked yet.
10. all well and good 也好；那当然好
11. out of turn 不按顺序地，鲁莽的
12. on a regular basis 定期地；经常地
13. to cap it all 更有甚者; to top it all 更有甚者；更糟糕的是；更奇怪的是
14. you don’t want to do that=警告，你试试看
15. he can’t help himself=无法控制自己
16. shut up!=上扬声调，指不可思议
17. see where I’m coming from=你懂我意思吗
18. you may want to=建议你这么做
19. tell me about it=我也这么觉得
20. it doesn’t hurt to try=这件事不会怎样，去试试看
21. I’m gonna level with you 我打算跟你说实话
22. It scares the living daylights out of me. 吓死我了，吓得我两眼昏花
23. get the drift 明白，了解
24. we don’t need to buy up toilet paper. It’s uncalled for. 不必要的；不适当的，不适宜的；没有理由的；regimented Plan 有条理的计划
25. If that tanks, what does he have?如果失败了，他还有什么？
26. 我要走了。ok, I’m gonna get going. I’m gonna take off. I’m gonna pop off.
27. 我做的很棒！I did a great job. = I totally ate that! I nailed it!
28. boggle the mind 令人吃惊，难以想象
29. wrap up 结束；圆满完成 I will teach you one word before we wrap up. 在结束之前我再教你一个单词。
30. call it a day 收工；今天就此结束。Let’s call it a day and go back. 今天就此结束，我们回去吧。
31. whip up 激起 get whipped up emotionally 情绪激动起来
32. get riled up 生气，激动起来
33. carry a/the torch for 单恋某人
34. paint a rosy picture 粉饰...；把...说的光明乐观，描述得十分美好
35. spick-and-span 崭新的；一尘不染地 可作adj/adv. = spic-and-span
36. pique sb’s interest 激起某人的兴趣
37. get sth over with 把某事做完，完成，结束
38. read up on 仔细研读；熟读（以准备考试）
39. What’s up bro? 快读：Sup bro.
40. should have 快读：shoulda；kanda
41. slipt the check = go Dutch AA制；stingy 抠门儿，小气鬼
42. you name it！ 应有尽有，你就说吧！
43. be open to 愿意接受 it’s a field for anyone open to exploring their passion.
44. take it from me 相信我的话，我保证，请相信我
45. jump the gun 操之过急
46. Does it ring any bells?有印象吗？
47. It rings a bell. 有点印象。
48. It doesn’t ring any bells with me. 没印象。
49. Shit hit the fan. 麻烦大了，有大麻烦了，事情变糟糕了。
50. You’re so nosy. 你真爱管闲事。Mind your own business 管好你自己的事。
51. stereotypical views of sth 模式化印象，刻板印象 eg: It’s far cry from the stereotypical views of libraries as stale and silent spaces.
52. The pot calling the kettle black. 五十步笑百步。You ain’t better. 你也不咋地。
53. 你压到我头发了！You’re on my hair. Don’t get on my hair. Get off my hair.
54. debunk myths 消除误区
55. a full-on geek 十足的怪家伙
56. over-enginner everything 过分规划所有事情；过分处理
57. back the wrong horse 下错赌注，押错宝，选错人，看走眼；= bet on the wrong horse
58. bare one’s soul 向别人掏心掏肺，展露自己的内心世界
59. strike sb as sth 给某人以...印象；让某人觉得 eg: She strikes me as a very efficient person. How does the idea strike you?
60. beside oneself 极度兴奋，发狂. I was beside myself!
61. Catch me doing it/that! 我绝不干那样的事。
62. She sang off key, and audience made catcalls. 到喝彩 make catcalls (尖叫声，嘘声）
63. assume some risks 承担一些风险
64. 我腿麻了 I can’t feel my feet. My leg is dead. 胳膊麻了。My arms fell asleep.
65. sassy adj. 唧唧歪歪
66. 代替Do you want....? Are you up for going out for a drink tonight? Are you up for pizza tonight? Do you fancy going out for a drink tonight?
67. 代替 I don’t know.
- 被问路：Sorry, I can’t help you there.
- You’re asking the wrong person. + 理由 I know nothing about here.
- I have no clue ... ( what he was saying)
- 被问买什么车？sorry, I know nothing about cars.
- 被问傻问题，质疑 How should I know / How am I supposed to know? 我怎么知道？
- Your guess is as good as mine.
- I have no idea.
- 被问到了难的问题 Good question.
68. We’ll cross that bridge when we come to it. 劝别人... 不用担心这个问题，等真有问题了会过去的。 船到桥头自然直
69. 鱼和熊掌不能兼得。You can’t eat your cake and have it.
70. We will star at 5 o clock, give or take (10 minutes) 10分钟左右 give or take = more or less
71. 我们可以谈谈吗？ Can we talk for a bit? I have a bit of bone to pick with you. 挑骨头，找事儿a bone to pick
72. 铺满石子的路 gravel n. 碎石；gravelly adj.
73. knock on wood 敲木头；祈求好运；吉人天相
74. 别戳到你的手指 Don’t jar your fingier. 别歪着脚Don’t sprain your ankle.
75. He’s been dodgy. 他不可靠。公司～，车～不可靠，不稳，欺骗性的，不可信
76. 你鞋带开了。Your shoe laces are not done. Your shoe laces are untied. You need to do/tie up your shoe laces. They are not done.
77. 让我一下，对我好点 I’m new to this. Please go easy on me. 针对 go hard on me.
78. I don’t like it one bit 我一点都不喜欢 one bit
79. Whatever floats your boat. 随你的便，随便 it’s up to you.
80. 好久没练习有些生疏了。My basketball is very rusty these days. I haven’t play it for ages, I maybe a little rusty.
81. off the top of my head 不假思索（俚语）I can’t tell you off the top of my head, but I think it’s 300$. 我没法一下就想出来，但是应该是...
82. as the crow flies 直线距离 It’s 4 kilometers as the crow flies. 乌鸦飞过的直线距离（英国路非常崎岖）
83. 鼻塞 stuffy / blocked / congested nose; 喉咙痛 soar throat
84. a murky Night 昏暗的夜晚；murky river 浑水
85. 没钱的扣 frugal、tight；有钱还扣 stingy、miser
86. get the hang of sth 得知……的窍门；熟悉某物的用法；理解某事，摸清概况；鉴赏 I really want to get the hang of it, but...
87. 我有同感。I know you got-a tough job. I can relate. When-I was-in college, I was right where you-are.
88. 正常vs日常
- How are you? → How’s it going?
- Are you OK? → You good,right?
- I apologize → My bad.
- I am angry → I am pissed off.
- Call me → Hit me up.
- You only live once → YOLO（取首字母）
89. shoot the breeze 闲聊，闲扯 （美国西部人没事干，拿枪射击风，纯为了玩儿） = chew the fat
90. 琢磨；耿耿于怀 chew on things eg: We don’t chew on things from 30 years ago. They don’t matter anymore. 我们不会因为三十年前的旧事而一直耿耿于怀。
91. 忍住别怂！Suck it up.
92. 你想打架吗？You trying to square up? square 好摆好架势，做进攻姿态；清账，结清 Can I leave you to square up with the waiter?
93. 还没猜到，不过差不多了。you are getting there
94. 拍别人马屁 you are buttering up someone. = kiss someone’s ass
95. 纽约slang：It’s dumb good. 太好吃了。dumb=very； It’s brick outside. 外面太冷了。= brick = cold；I was tight last night, all my friends ditched me. 我不开心，朋友都丢下了我。tight=upset
96. 我要大胆猜一下 I’ll take a wild guess.
97. bite off more than you can chew 贪多嚼不烂，自不量力
98. 比赛 What a nail-biter! n.紧张局势；紧张的故事 The ending of that movie was a real nail-biter. 电影结局太精彩了。
99. dear in the headlights 不知所措（美俚）
100. people are jumpy 人们变得慌恐不安，焦虑不安
101. Not a bit of it! 根本不是那样，压根就没发生。
102. 你应该提前告诉我。you should told me upfront / beforehand / in advance. You should be upfront with him how this will prepare.
103. 反悔怎么说？You can’t go/turn back on your words like that. You can’t flip your words like that. You can’t change your mind like that.
104. on such short notice刚约就要见（没有给对方充裕的时间）
105. kick-you-in-the-crotch spit-on-your-neck 有苦说不出的碰巧境遇
106. 你可以给公司带来什么好处？What can you bring to the table? Bring to the table 提供（好处，利益）；推上台面
1. power bank 充电宝；移动电源
107. 眼袋 dark circles around your eyes 黑眼；bags under your eyes 眼袋
108. 连读24小时 24-hours straight; or consecutive 24 hours
109. 年轻人也加入了浪潮 Young people jumped in.
110. 这会是个个例吗？Could this be an isolated case?
111. It’s a little late for buyer’s remorse. 现在后悔为时已晚。买家反悔
112. 想要表达〖绝无可能〗：
- It’ll be a cold day in hell. （地狱里的冷天，西方地狱是火热的）
- Over my dead body. 除非我死了，从我的尸体上跨过去！绝无可能！
- That’s never gonna happen.
- When the hell freezes over.
- When pigs fly.
- Fat chance.
113. speaking of which 说到这（前文提到过）
114. 火爆了！The blockbuster is straight fire! 这部大片电影太火了！
115. 除非你真这么想Only if that’s what you really think.
116. 疲惫不堪，你看起来很累。You look like you are running on fumes.
117. 信息已读但未收到回复。I got left on read. I was left on read. 没有收到回复，不要往坏的方向想 You shouldn’t assume the worst if you got left on read.
118. 一点也不 not in the least, not at all； I’m not in the least tired. 我一点也不累。
119. hit the jackpot 中奖，走运，赢得大笔钱；获得巨大成功
120. Is that the case? 情况是这样吗？That is the case. 情况就是这样的。
121. Be in the clear 脱离危险，脱离嫌疑；完成某事（不受阻碍）eg: We are in the clear and now we can get back to normal. 我们可以回到正常的轨道上了。
- out of a clear sky 完全出乎意外；His mode suddenly blew up out of clear sky
- out of the blue 完全出乎意外；The decision came out of the blue.
122. 加油！怎么说？
- 热血鼓励型 ——You got this .
- 撑住别怂型——Hang in there.
- 更进一步型——Keep up the good work .
- 赛场助威型——Go , go , go !
123. 表达情绪低落、不高兴
- feel blue
- down in the mouth
- down in the dumps
- under a cloud
124. 表达惊讶，真的假的？
- I swear I’ll buy a house in Beijing.
- You don’t say! 真的假的！
125. 表达嘲讽，不满，“呵呵”
- Don’t mock me. I’ll beat him.
- You don’t say. 呵呵（我不信），切！
stereotypical
stereotypical
KK:
DJ:
a.
1. 陈规的,老一套的
while this stereotypical secenario 这句话怎么翻译谢谢
虽然这种传统的情景在心理学中很常见，但它在生物学领域的延伸却远远超出了许多人的认知
Stereptypical
古板的，老套的，一成不变的。
少了一个o,stereotypical，比较难拼写。
由stereotype演化而来
stereotyed和stereotypical有什么区别
很好的问题！
stereotyped
Lacking originality, creativity, or individuality.
stereotypical
lacking spontaneity or originality or individuality
后者倾向于”追随他人，缺乏自发性（spontaneity）”因此很普通
前者倾向于”思维定式，缺乏创造性（creativity）”因此普通
不同的州，美语都有那些不同口音
美国口音主要是以南北区分, 但各个地方也有自己的口音, 这个地方不一定是用州来划分的, 像东北, 西北
下面文章有详细的地方口音分别, 但是英文的
Written English is standardized across the U.S., and in schools abroad specializing in American English, although it differs slightly from the written British-based English used in many other countries across the globe. By contrast, there is some variation in the spoken language. There are numerous recognizable regional variations (such as New York-New Jersey English), particularly in pronunciation, but also in slang vocabulary.
Most traditional sources cite General American English (occasionally referred to as Standard Midwestern) as the unofficial standard accent and dialect of American English. However, many linguists claim California English has become the de facto standard since the 1960s or 1970s due to its central role in the American entertainment industry; others argue that the entertainment industry, despite being in California, uses Midwestern. Certain features which are frequent in speakers of California English, particularly the cot-caught merger, are not often considered as part of the standard.
Regional dialects in North America are most strongly differentiated along the Eastern seaboard. The distinctive speech of important cultural centers like Boston, Massachusetts (see Boston accent), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Charleston, South Carolina, and New Orleans, Louisiana imposed their marks on the surrounding areas. The Connecticut River is usually regarded as the southern/western extent of New England speech, while the Potomac River generally divides a group of Northern coastal dialects from the beginning of the Coastal Southern dialect area (distinguished from the Highland Southern or South Midland dialect treated below, although outsiders often mistakenly believe that the speech in these two areas is the same); in between these two rivers several local variations exist, chief among them the one that prevails in and around New York City and northern New Jersey.
The sounds of American speech can be identified with a number of public figures: President John F. Kennedy spoke in the Boston accent, while President Jimmy Carter speaks with a Southern coastal accent. The North Midlands speech is familiar to those who have heard Neil Armstrong and John Glenn, while the South Midland speech was the speech of President Lyndon Baines Johnson. Comedians Mel Brooks and Ray Romano retain typical New York accents while Jack Black and Pauly Shore have the standard sound of southern California.
African American Vernacular English (AAVE, colloquially known as Ebonics) contains many distinctive forms.
Eastern New England
The accents of eastern New England, including those of Boston (see Boston accent), New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Maine (also called Down East), are characterized by a number of phenomena that distinguish them from General American (GenAm). Traditionally, these accents (with the exception of Martha’s Vineyard) are non-rhotic, but this feature is slowly losing ground, especially with the vowel . Further, most accents in this region have not merged the vowels of father and bother, that is, the two do not rhyme, as they do in GenAm.
In general, these accents undergo the cot-caught merger, making cot and caught homophonous as /kɒt/. They also have a dwindling group of words with broad A, such as past, half, aunt, can’t. Among non-rhotic speakers, the broad A is identical to the sound usually spelled ar, so that past/parsed and aunt/aren’t can be homophonous pairs.
The distinction between the vowels of horse and hoarse is maintained in traditional non-rhotic New England accents as .
Words that have in GenAm as well).
The eastern New England accents have not undergone many of the vowel mergers before intervocalic (as in furry /fɜɹi/).
Like some other east-coast accents as well as AAVE, some accents of eastern New England merge , making homophones of pairs like pour/poor, more/moor, tore/tour, cores/Coors etc.
New York City and northern New Jersey
Main article: New York-New Jersey English
As in Eastern New England, the accents of New York City and northern New Jersey are traditionally non-rhotic. But the vowels of cot () are distinct; the former is distinct from that of cart (/kɑət/) only by being short and monophthongal.
The accent is well attested in American movies and television shows. Bugs Bunny and Groucho Marx both had a Brooklyn accent. The accent is often exaggerated, but it still does exist to some degree with many Brooklyn natives. A more contemporary version of this can be found on the popular television show The Sopranos, which is set in Essex County, New Jersey. However, it is important to note that the dialect portrayed on this television show does not apply to citizens of the entire state; it is a particular socio-ethnic accent.
Mid-Atlantic Region
Northeastern Pennsylvania
The dialect of the Wyoming Valley (including Scranton and Wilkes-Barre) is Northeast Pennsylvania English.
Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley
Main article: Philadelphia accent
This section does not cite its references or sources.
You can help Wikipedia by introducing appropriate citations.
The accent of Philadelphia and nearby parts of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland, is probably the original ancestor of General American. It is one of the few coastal accents that is rhotic, and one of the first to merge the historical of horse, morning. It also maintains the cot-caught contrast, unlike New England and western Pennsylvania. Nevertheless there are differences between modern Philadelphia speech and General American, some of which will be outlined here.
* “Water“ is sometimes pronounced /wʊdɚ/, that is, with the vowel of wood
* As in New York-New Jersey English, but unlike General American, words like orange, horrible, etc., are pronounced with . See English-language vowel changes before historic r: “Tory-torrent merger“.
* On is pronounced , so that, as in the South and Midland (and unlike New York and the North) it rhymes with dawn rather than don.
* The , as in the Midland and South.
* The phoneme in Philadelphia than in New York City.
* As in New York City and Boston, there is a three-way distinction between Mary, marry, and merry. A recent development is a merger of the vowel of merry with Murray.
* Canadian raising occurs for (price) but not for /aʊ/ (mouth)
* There is a split of . Commonly confused words include eight and eat, snake and sneak, slave and sleeve.
* South Philadelphia has been known for r-dropping, even though it has never been a characteristic of the rest of the region.
Baltimore, Maryland
See the separate article on Baltimorese
Pittsburgh
The Pittsburgh English has a number of distinctive features. Please refer to that article for more information.
South
Main article: Southern American English
* monophthongization of , for example, most dialects’ “I“ → “Ah“ in the South.
* Coastal Southern speech (also some East Coast) is non-rhotic.
* merged before nasal consonants, for example “Wendy“ becomes “Windy“, “pen“ becomes “pin“, and so forth.
* Unlike most American English, but like British English, .
* In the Deep South, vowels tend to take the hard sound more often, for example, “on“ and “own“ are similar; “can’t“ and “ain’t“ and “glass“ and “face“ also might rhyme.
* Some verbs have alternate meanings not found in other regions. For example, ’cut’ the light off, or ’mash’ the buttons
In Greater Houston several words beginning with the letter H are pronounced with a y in place of the h:
* Houston becomes youston
* Humid becomes yumid (yumidity, etc.)
* Human becomes yuman (yumanity, yumankind)
* Huge becomes youge
* Humble becomes umble. The residents of Humble, Texas in the Greater Houston Area are known to use this pronunciation.
New Orleans
This section does not cite its references or sources.
You can help Wikipedia by introducing appropriate citations.
While including such characteristics of the Southern U.S. English as using “y’all“ for second person plural, the New Orleans accent is so unlike the rest of the South and so similar to that of New York City that New Orleanians traveling in other parts of the USA are often mistaken for New Yorkers.
Many pronunciations are surprisingly similar to that found in New York City and northern New Jersey, presumably arising from a similar mix of immigrants. Parallels include the split of the historic short-a class into tense . The stereotypical New York curl-coil merger of “toity-toid street“ (33rd Street) used to be a common New Orleans feature, though it has mostly receded today.
Perhaps the most distinctive New Orleans accent is locally nicknamed “yat“, from a traditional greeting “Where y’at“ (“Where are you at?“, meaning “How are you?“). One of the most detailed phonetic depictions of an extreme “yat“ accent of the early 20th century is found in the speech of the character Krazy Kat in the comic strip of the same name by George Herriman. While such extreme “yat“ accents are no longer so common in the city, they can still be found in parts of Mid-City and the 9th ward, as well as in St. Bernard Parish, just east of New Orleans.
The novel A Confederacy of Dunces by John Kennedy Toole is generally considered the best depiction of New Orleans accents in literature.
Central and South Florida
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The speech used in the urban and coastal areas of Central and South Florida (everything south of and including Orlando) is noticeable for not being a typical southern accent, because a large proportion of the inhabitants of the area are either natives of the Northeast (and therefore speakers of accents like New York-New Jersey English) or else native Spanish speakers (predominantly from Cuba.) The accents heard in some parts of this region, especially in older communities such as Aventura, Boca Raton, or West Palm Beach, are that of the typical New Yorker. However the southern dialect is still predominantly spoken in the rural and inland areas of Central and South Florida.
In Miami alone, as of the 2000 Census, there are over 145 different languages spoken throughout many communities in Miami and its surrounding areas. Numerically, the strongest of these is Spanish. Most people visiting Miami for the first time complain that they couldn’t communicate with the locals because they didn’t speak Spanish. There are even stories of going through a drive-through at a fast food restaurant and being greeted in Spanish, then French, and then English (this is likely extremely rare and confined to one specific location, however). This is especially notable on 8th street (or Calle Ocho) where almost everyone is a native Spanish speaker. This results in “Spanglish“, a code-switching conglomeration of English and Spanish. “Escuche Maria, he said to meet him al taller, ’ta bien?“ (Hey Maria, he said to meet him at the garage, okay?).
In terms of speakers, the next highest minority languages are, in from greatest to least, Haitian Creole, Brazilian Portuguese, Canadian French, Russian, and Chinese. This makes Miami a very difficult place to pinpoint any certain “accent.“ However, close inspection reveals the development of a distinct Miami accent, one which is strongly and not surprisingly influenced by Spanish, but not simply English spoken with a Spanish accent. It is best described as General American English modified by somewhat subtle Spanish inflections, especially in the vowels.
This developing Miami accent is spoken primarily by second and third-generation Hispanics whose first language is English. Similar to the regional accents of the Northeast and the Northern Plains, it is derived from the ethnic characteristics that shape the city’s population. Although it is strongly influenced by Spanish, it is not to be confused with a heavily-accented or broken English spoken by many non-native Hispanic speakers. The Miami accent might be considered as the next evolutionary step after the thick Spanish accent of recently-arrived immigrants. Due to its limited extent and exposure, it is hard to recognize or pinpoint by those outside South Florida, and many people either identify it as a generic Spanish accent or as a flat and non-deterministic accent.
There is a possibility that this “accent“ may evolve into another separate one, or disappear entirely. However, due to the steady flow of Hispanic immigration and close contact with Latin America, this accent has a good chance of persisting and better defining itself in future generations.
Overall, standard linguistic rules tend to be difficult to apply in a general sense here; thus, this analysis is mostly demographic in nature.
Inland North
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A distinctive speech pattern is centered on the Great Lakes region. This is the Inland North dialect - the “standard Midwestern“ speech that was the basis for General American in the mid-20th Century, though it has been recently modified by the northern cities vowel shift.
This area consists of western New York State (Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse), parts of Michigan’s Lower Peninsula (Detroit, Ann Arbor, etc.), Cleveland, Chicago, Gary, and Southeastern Wisconsin (Milwaukee, Racine).
* By the Northern cities vowel shift, cad, cod, cawed, Ked, and cut are pronounced , respectively.
* The starting point of /aʊ/ (for example, mouse, down) is pronounced noticeably in the back of the mouth ().
* The long-o of “bone“ and “goat“ is rounded and pronounced far back.
* The word “on“ rhymes with “don,“ not with “dawn.“
* Canadian raising is found in areas close to the Canadian border.
The Midland
West of the Appalachian Mountains begins the broad zone of what is generally called “Midland“ speech. This is divided into two discrete subdivisions, the North Midland that begins north of the Ohio River valley area, and the South Midland speech; sometimes the former is designated simply Midland and the latter is reckoned as Highland Southern. The North Midland speech continues to expand westward until it becomes the closely related speech of California, although in the immediate San Francisco area the speech more closely resembles that of the mid-Atlantic region.
The South Midland dialect follows the Ohio River in a generally southwesterly direction, moves across Arkansas and Oklahoma west of the Mississippi, and peters out in West Texas. It is a version of the Midland speech that has assimilated some coastal Southern forms, most noticeably the loss of the diphthong , and the second person plural pronoun “you-all“ or “y’all.“ Unlike Coastal Southern, however, South Midland is a rhotic dialect, pronouncing /r/ wherever it has historically occurred.
Midland dialects cover of the larger parts of Ohio, Indiana, and central Illinois which are not in the Inland North, as well as Missouri, southern Iowa, northern Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska where it begins to blend into the West, and even extends into a small extreme southern parts of Michigan’s lower peninsula.
* In some rural areas, words like “roof“ and “root“ get the vowel of “book“ and “hoof“
* People who pronounce “don“ and “dawn“ differently pronounce “on“ to rhyme with “dawn“ and not “don“
* St. Louis has a distinctive accent, see the section on it below.
* South Indiana has a distinctive accent, locally known as the “Hoosier Twang“ (a well-known speaker is actor Jim Nabors, who played Gomer Pyle on TV and has for many years sung “Back Home In Indiana“ before the Indy 500 race).
South Midlands speech is characterized by:
* monophthongization of , for example, most dialects’ “I“ → “Ah“ in the South.
* raising of initial vowel of .
* nasalization of vowels, esp. diphthongs, before .
* raising of ; can’t → cain’t, etc.
* Unlike most American English, but like British English, glides (.
* South Midlands speech is rhotic. This is the principal feature that distinguishes South Midland speech from the non-rhotic coastal Southern varieties.
Midwest
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North Central American English
(Minnesota (esp. rural), Upper Peninsula of Michigan, Wisconsin, North Dakota)
* As in most North American accents, , so that father rhymes with bother.
* Canadian raising: see section on Canada.
* “roof“, “book“, and “root“ all use the same vowel ); “root“ may be pronounced as rhyming with “scoot,“ however
* Use of German/Scandinavian “ja“, pronounced as either /jaː/ or /jæː/, as an affirmative filler or emphatic; Standard U.S. English “yes“ is used in formal settings to answer questions and to start an explanation.
* Tendency towards a “sing-songy“ intonation (the area’s earliest European settlers were primarily Scandinavian, and this has influenced the local dialect). More recently, this has been reinforced by an influx of Asians, most of whom speak tonal languages. In urban Minnesota, this variation of NCAE is referred to as “Minnewegian,“ a portmanteau of Minnesota and Norwegian.
* For a stereotypical (although very overdone) example, refer to the movie Fargo. For a more normative example, Garrison Keillor speaks with a typical Minnesota accent.(Note: most southern, even rural, Minnesota accents sound more like the northern Iowan accent. More distinct accents up in the northern areas are still much less de
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