来源 翠山观景工作室
2022下半年CATTI一笔英译汉参考答案
翻译 许由太
原创译文，谢绝搬运
第1段
翻译原文
Scientists have been studying and debating whether experts are “born” or “made” since the mid-1800s. In recent years, practice has received considerable attention in these debates, while innate ability has been pushed aside, due in part to the smash-hit bestseller book published in 2008.
翻译分析
1. 首句“born” or “made”分别对应第二句的“innate ability”和“practice”
参考答案
19世纪中期以来，科学家一直就专家是天生的还是后天养成的进行研究、辩论。近年来，后天训练这个因素在辩论中得到相当大的关注，而先天能力这个因素受到冷落，部分原因是2008年出版的一本轰动一时畅销书。
第2段
翻译原文
The book chronicles that notables from Bill Gates to the Beatles all toiled away thousands of hours before achieving world-class success. Malcolm Gladwell believes that enough practice will make an expert of anyone. He named it the 10,000-Hour Rule. But a recent research shows that practice may not necessary make perfect.
翻译分析
1.toiled away thousands of hours：比较抽象，需要用对应的抽象概念来翻译。
展开全文
2. world-class success：世界级的成功？
参考答案
该书列举了包括比尔·盖茨、披头士乐队等名人，他们都有几千小时的辛勤付出才取得举世瞩目的成就。作者马尔科姆·格拉德威尔（Malcolm Gladwel）认为，只要训练够了，人人都能成专家，并称之为“10,000小时定律”。但最近的一项研究表明，训练不一定能缔造完美。
第3段
翻译原文
A study of violinists found that merely good players practised as much as, if not more than, better players, leaving other factors such as quality of tuition, learning skills and perhaps natural talent to account for the difference.
翻译分析
参考答案
一项针对小提琴手的研究发现，过得去的小提琴手的训练量与比其更优秀的小提琴手相当，甚至更多，二者优秀程度的差异取决于其他因素，如教学质量、学习技能、也许还有天赋。
第4段
翻译原文
A team of American researchers interviewed three groups of 13 violinists, each rated as best, good, or less accomplished about their practice habits. Violists were asked to keep a log of their practice hours, and the number was then verified.
翻译分析
参考答案
一个美国研究团队采访了13名小提琴手，按照训练习惯差异分成最佳、不错、不熟练三组，并让他们记录各自的训练时长，然后予以核实。
第5段
翻译原文
While the less skilful violinists clocked up an average of about 6,000 hours of practice by the age of 20, there was little to separate the good from the best musicians, with each logging an average of about 11,000 hours.
翻译分析
1. less skilful violinists是指那组？还原回去还是照直译？
2. log做动词，怎么翻译？
参考答案
不熟练组小提琴手到20岁时平均训练时长有6,000小时左右，但不错组小提琴手和最佳组小提琴手之间几乎没有区别，均有约11,000小时的训练时长。
第6段
翻译原文
In all, the number of hours spent practising accounted for about a quarter of the skills difference across the three groups.
翻译分析
1. a quarter of the skills difference：四分之一的技能差异 或 技能差异的四分之一。
2 如果翻译为“以一种对目标客户需求敏感的方式”则意思翻译反了。issensitive：不敏感。
参考答案
总体看，三组小提琴手之间的技能差异仅有四分之一是由训练时长不同导致的。
第7段
翻译原文
“The idea has become really entrenched in our culture, but it’s an oversimplification,” said Brooke Macnamara, a cognitive psychologist. “When it comes to human skill, a complex combination of environmental factors, genetic factors and their interactions explains the performance differences across people.”
翻译分析
1. The idea 该怎么处理，指的是什么idea？
2 a complex combination of environmental factors, genetic factors and their interactions 能否照字面翻译？
参考答案
“熟能生巧的观念在我们的文化中已根深蒂固，但太过简单化。”认知心理学家布鲁克·麦克纳马拉（Brooke Macnamara）说，“当涉及人类技能时，环境因素、遗传因素及二者相互作用等复杂的因素组合才能解释人与人之间的表现差异。”
第8段
翻译原文
Macnamara believes practice is less of a driver. “Once you get to the highly skilled groups, practice stops accounting for the difference. Everyone has practised a lot and other factors are at play in determining who goes on to that super-elite level,” she said.
翻译分析
1. less of：算不上。
2. super-elite level 是什么水平？
参考答案
麦克纳马拉认为训练算不上是个驱动因素。她说：“一旦成为娴熟小提琴手，训练就不能解释水平差异了。每个娴熟小提琴手都有大量练习，这时其他因素决定谁能达到顶尖水平。
第9段
翻译原文
Macnamara said it was important for people to understand the limits of practice. “Practice makes you better than you were yesterday, most of the time,” she said. “But it might not make you better than your neighbour. Or the other kid in your violin class.
翻译分析
1. neighbour指邻居吗？
参考答案
麦克纳马拉说，人们要理解训练的局限性，这点这很重要。她说：“在大多数情况下，训练使人进步，但靠训练可能无法超越他人，或者小提琴班上的其他孩子。”
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